Relationships between floral characters, pollination mechanisms, life forms, and habitats in Araceae

on translation of phatic communion and socio-cultural relationships between the characters of the novels

phatic communion is a cultural concept which differs across cultures. according to hofstede (2001), the u.s. tends to have individualistic culture; however, asian countries tend to have collectivistic cultures. these cultures view phatic communion differently. in individualistic cultures like u.s., phatic communion reflects speakers’ socio-cultural relationships in conversations. to see whether...

Pollination Syndromes and Floral Specialization

Charles B. Fenster,1 W. Scott Armbruster,2 Paul Wilson,3 Michele R. Dudash,1 and James D. Thomson4 1Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742; email: [email protected]; [email protected] 2School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondh...

Floral Evolution of Philodendron Subgenus Meconostigma (Araceae)

Elucidating the evolutionary patterns of flower and inflorescence structure is pivotal to understanding the phylogenetic relationships of Angiosperms as a whole. The inflorescence morphology and anatomy of Philodendron subgenus Meconostigma, belonging to the monocot family Araceae, has been widely studied but the evolutionary relationships of subgenus Meconostigma and the evolution of its flowe...

Shoot and Floral Development in Calla palustris (Araceae-Calloideae)

Dissection of floral pollination syndromes in Petunia.

Animal-mediated pollination is essential in the reproductive biology of many flowering plants and tends to be associated with pollination syndromes, sets of floral traits that are adapted to particular groups of pollinators. The complexity and functional convergence of various traits within pollination syndromes are outstanding examples of biological adaptation, raising questions about their me...